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SECULARISM AND SPIRITUALISM – AN INSIGHT

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God is formless and omni-potent. God is adorable and thus sacred. It has been a debatable topic whether any one has seen God. While understanding the importance of Almighty in our earthly life, we encounter with two specific words, i.e. Secularism and Spiritualism. It has been a debatable topic regarding the charismatic effect of these both ‘ISM' in our human life.

Secularism is defined as a doctrine which tells us about equal respect to all religions or religious faiths both theistic and atheistic. Secularism is linked with the notion of religion and religious phenomena. Spiritualism is also defined as a doctrine which tells us about the nature and content of the concept of ‘Spirit' which is completely transcendental. It is neither theistic nor atheistic.

Metaphysical aspect of Secularism deals with a faith-oriented concept of God or a concept of human. And epistemological basis of Secularism is concerned with religious awareness earned by both religious means and humanistic means. On the other hand, metaphysical aspect of Spiritualism deals with something eternal and absolute, and epistemological aspect of it is concerned with the concept of self-knowledge which leads to self-realization.

Ethical concern of Secularism leads to domination of human existence and common values like compassion, tolerance, fellow-feeling, impartiality etc. Moral of humanity is central to secularism.  Spiritualism speaks of a morality of higher order. This higher order situates all values in the light of trans-human facets which are generally not experienced by our senses. Intuition is the means to know these higher-order values. Truth is depicted as such a higher-order to Secularism.

While Secularism seems to be more humanistic and practical, spiritualism becomes more metaphysical and it often leads to mysticism. That is, in Secularism, there is no space for supra-sensuous elements, but in case of Spiritualism, the spiritual-masters claim for supra-sensuous elements in the practice of radical Spiritualism.

Methodologically, Secularism is rational and scientific but spiritualism has its method of speculation and sometimes, it claims support for establishing dogmatism or mysticism. Dogmatism results in mere faith on assumption of spirit of some non-natural entity in guise of the so called ‘Spirit'. Mysticism results in excessive supra-experiential adherence or support, i.e. ‘Tantra' or Black Magic.

Secularism has always a social concern, but spiritualism may or may not have any social concern, The opposite of Secularism leads to religious fundamentalism whereas the opposite of Spiritualism leads to above materialism or physicalism.

The dualism between spirit and matter is lacking in Secularism, but in discourse of Spiritualism, the pre-supposition of such dualism is a necessary phenomenon. No one can ever say that there are theistic or religious secularism as well as atheistic or material Secularism. Secularism by its virtue has only the form and one dimension, i.e. religious tolerance. But there are different forms of spiritualism, i.e. idealistic spiritualism, humanistic spiritualism, cosmic spiritualism, etc.

The most fundamental difference between two lies in ‘end' and ‘means' distinction. Spiritualism appears as an ‘end' itself but secularism acts as both ‘end' and ‘means'. Secularism accepts the supremacy of human reason and Spiritualism emphasizes on the supremacy of faith.

Secular human may be a spiritualist but a spiritualist may necessarily not be a Secular. Religious affinity is neutral to Spiritualism.

Secularism is a doctrine of relativism whereas Spiritualism is a doctrine of absolutism. That is, Secularism may provide different world views with regards to conditions and factors availed in a context, but Spiritualism lacks these alternations. So, Secularism is oriental but Spiritualism is concrete one.

Both put different intellectual frame-works, but the centres of these frame-works are occupied by the sole concepts like religion and spirit. After all, both frame-works are directed to human who is considered as a free moral agent. As a free mortal agent human determines the true rational geography of these frame-works and stipulates principles or laws for its needful operation.

Deviation in Secularism is natural. But such deviations are not so easy in case of spiritual discourse. That is, a man of religion like Hindu or Muslim or Christian may give up his faith in a particular religion, may accept another or may totally discard. But in case of Spiritualism, there are no such possibilities. Once a man is ascribed as Spiritualist may be monist, dualist or qualified monist but he can never discard the spirit as the ultimate reality.

There is also a close affinity between secularism and spirituality in spite of a number of differences. This affinity can be disclosed in  the process of our regards to universality of humanity, i.e. in light of ‘Spirit', we all are equal and secular above all our attachments, attitudes, beliefs, and commitments. Glorification of spirit or any particular religion is redundant to that extent.

Secularism has its own rationality in morality as of a human institution. Humanization of Spiritualism often leads to that rationality in morality.

Human rights, social justice, gender equity, etc. are accentuated within the perspective of secularism. Spiritualism may or may not invite the issues related to such concepts.

Secularism paves the way for a most cultural and civilized way of living and it is also a vision or view of life for a better and harmonious living. This is its spiritual end. Spiritualism stands for a religious force in humans and cultivation of this force leads to a higher order of living.
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