Breast cancer, different treatments
Breast cancer is a disease in which malignant cells (cancer) develops in breast tissue. Mammary gland (breast) is made up of lobes and ducts. Each mammary gland consists of 15-20 segments called lobes, which in turn are composed of smaller segments, called lobules. Lobules are composed of clusters of cells (bulbs) that produce milk. Lobes, lobules and bulbs communicate with them through thin tubes called ducts.
The present structure of the breast are both lymph nodes and lymph vessels. In each structure there are both mammary glands and blood vessels and lymph vessels. Transported via lymphatic vessels is a colorless liquid called lymph. Lymphatic vessels carry the lymph node stations called lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are small structures like some beans, which are spread throughout the body. Their role is to filter out certain substances in lymph and help the body fight infections and certain diseases. Groups of lymph nodes are found near the breast in the axilla (underarm), above the collarbone and rib cage (chest).
The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma, which develops from the ducts. Breast cancer that develops from the lobes or lobules is called lobular carcinoma and is the most common type of breast cancer affecting both breasts. Inflammatory breast carcinoma is one of the rarest types of cancer in the breast shows signs of inflammation (redness, local heat and swelling). Age and breast cancer in this family (the family) influence the risk of breast cancer.
We now use four types of standard treatment:
Surgery
Most patients with breast cancer require surgery to remove malignant tissue of the breast. Also, during surgery and may remove some or all of the affected breast lymph nodes to be investigated under a microscope to detect malignant cells at this level.
Breast conservative surgery is a surgery that is distant from malignant breast tissue but without totally removing the breast, including the following techniques:
-Lumpectomy: is surgery that removes the tumor (a piece of tissue) with a small area of ??normal tissue around it, partial mastectomy: is surgery that removes a portion of the breast with a small area of ??tissue normal around her. This procedure is called segmental mastectomy.
The dotted lines delimit the area of ??the breast tumor to be removed and that some groups of lymph nodes to be removed.
Also, patients treated with conservative surgical therapy and some lymph nodes removed for biopsy. This method is called lymph node dissection. This procedure can be performed during or after conservative surgery. Lymph node dissection is done through a separate incision.
Other types of surgical treatments include:
Total mastectomy
Represents the surgical method that removes the entire mammary gland tumor that contains cancer. This method is also called simple mastectomy. Some axillary lymph nodes are removed for biopsy during surgery or after.
Removal of lymph nodes is done through a separate incision. The dotted lines delimit the entire breast area will be removed. Also, some lymph nodes may be removed
Modified radical mastectomy
It is a surgery that removes the entire cancerous mammary gland tumor containing a large number of axillary lymph nodes, the tissue lining the chest muscles and sometimes remove a part of the chest wall muscle
-Modified radical mastectomy: the dotted lines delimit the area of ??the entire breast and lymph nodes will be removed. Also, part of the chest muscle wall can be removed
-Radical mastectomy: a surgical procedure that removes the entire tumor containing cancerous mammary gland, the chest wall muscles under the breast and all axillary lymph nodes. Sometimes this procedure is called Halsted radical mastectomy.
With all that after surgery the entire tumor is removed by a doctor observed during surgery, the patient will need radiation, chemotherapy or hormone therapy after surgery in order to destroy remaining cancer cells. Therapy administered after surgery in order to increase the chance of cure is called adjuvant therapy.
For patients with mastectomy breast reconstruction is taken into question (surgical intervention for breast reconstruction after mastectomy form). Breast Reconstruction can be done at the same time as mastectomy or later. This can be done by themselves or using tissue implants filled with saline implants or silicone gel. Some medical organizations recommend the use of silicone gel implants only in clinical trials.
Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is a treatment option for cancer which uses high intensity X-rays or other radiation to kill cancer cells. There are two types of radiation. External radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to generate X-rays to be directed to the area where the tumor is located. Internal radiation therapy uses radioactive substances encapsulated in needles, caps, wires, or catheters that are placed inside or near the cancer. The type of radiation used depends on the type and stage of cancer to be treated.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses drugs to stop cancer cell growth, both through their destruction by stopping and division (multiplication). Systemic chemotherapy is administered orally or by injection into a vein or muscle, the drugs reach the bloodstream and thereby destroy cancer cells throughout the body. When chemotherapy is placed directly into the spinal cord in an organ inside the abdomen, especially drugs act on cancer cells in those areas (regional chemotherapy). Mode of administration and type of chemotherapy used depends on the type and stage of tumor being treated.
Hormone therapy
Hormone therapy is a cancer treatment that removes hormones or blocks their action, thus stopping cancer cell growth. Hormones are substances produced by endocrine glands in the body and delivered directly into the bloodstream. The presence of growth hormones can cause certain types of tumors.
If investigations show the presence of cancerous cells in places where certain hormones attach to cells to produce the effect (the hormone receptor), drugs, surgery or radiotherapy are used to reduce the production of hormones or to block their local.
Hormone therapy with tamoxifen is often recommended for patients with early stage breast cancer and those with metastases (cancer that has spread to other parts of the body). Hormone therapy with tamoxifen or estrogen acts on all cells and can increase the risk of developing endometrial cancer. In patients receiving tamoxifen therapy is recommended annual pelvic examination to detect early signs of cancer. Any metrorrhagia (non-menstrual bleeding) should be disclosed to the treating physician as soon as possible.
The present structure of the breast are both lymph nodes and lymph vessels. In each structure there are both mammary glands and blood vessels and lymph vessels. Transported via lymphatic vessels is a colorless liquid called lymph. Lymphatic vessels carry the lymph node stations called lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are small structures like some beans, which are spread throughout the body. Their role is to filter out certain substances in lymph and help the body fight infections and certain diseases. Groups of lymph nodes are found near the breast in the axilla (underarm), above the collarbone and rib cage (chest).
The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma, which develops from the ducts. Breast cancer that develops from the lobes or lobules is called lobular carcinoma and is the most common type of breast cancer affecting both breasts. Inflammatory breast carcinoma is one of the rarest types of cancer in the breast shows signs of inflammation (redness, local heat and swelling). Age and breast cancer in this family (the family) influence the risk of breast cancer.
We now use four types of standard treatment:
Surgery
Most patients with breast cancer require surgery to remove malignant tissue of the breast. Also, during surgery and may remove some or all of the affected breast lymph nodes to be investigated under a microscope to detect malignant cells at this level.
Breast conservative surgery is a surgery that is distant from malignant breast tissue but without totally removing the breast, including the following techniques:
-Lumpectomy: is surgery that removes the tumor (a piece of tissue) with a small area of ??normal tissue around it, partial mastectomy: is surgery that removes a portion of the breast with a small area of ??tissue normal around her. This procedure is called segmental mastectomy.
The dotted lines delimit the area of ??the breast tumor to be removed and that some groups of lymph nodes to be removed.
Also, patients treated with conservative surgical therapy and some lymph nodes removed for biopsy. This method is called lymph node dissection. This procedure can be performed during or after conservative surgery. Lymph node dissection is done through a separate incision.
Other types of surgical treatments include:
Total mastectomy
Represents the surgical method that removes the entire mammary gland tumor that contains cancer. This method is also called simple mastectomy. Some axillary lymph nodes are removed for biopsy during surgery or after.
Removal of lymph nodes is done through a separate incision. The dotted lines delimit the entire breast area will be removed. Also, some lymph nodes may be removed
Modified radical mastectomy
It is a surgery that removes the entire cancerous mammary gland tumor containing a large number of axillary lymph nodes, the tissue lining the chest muscles and sometimes remove a part of the chest wall muscle
-Modified radical mastectomy: the dotted lines delimit the area of ??the entire breast and lymph nodes will be removed. Also, part of the chest muscle wall can be removed
-Radical mastectomy: a surgical procedure that removes the entire tumor containing cancerous mammary gland, the chest wall muscles under the breast and all axillary lymph nodes. Sometimes this procedure is called Halsted radical mastectomy.
With all that after surgery the entire tumor is removed by a doctor observed during surgery, the patient will need radiation, chemotherapy or hormone therapy after surgery in order to destroy remaining cancer cells. Therapy administered after surgery in order to increase the chance of cure is called adjuvant therapy.
For patients with mastectomy breast reconstruction is taken into question (surgical intervention for breast reconstruction after mastectomy form). Breast Reconstruction can be done at the same time as mastectomy or later. This can be done by themselves or using tissue implants filled with saline implants or silicone gel. Some medical organizations recommend the use of silicone gel implants only in clinical trials.
Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is a treatment option for cancer which uses high intensity X-rays or other radiation to kill cancer cells. There are two types of radiation. External radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to generate X-rays to be directed to the area where the tumor is located. Internal radiation therapy uses radioactive substances encapsulated in needles, caps, wires, or catheters that are placed inside or near the cancer. The type of radiation used depends on the type and stage of cancer to be treated.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses drugs to stop cancer cell growth, both through their destruction by stopping and division (multiplication). Systemic chemotherapy is administered orally or by injection into a vein or muscle, the drugs reach the bloodstream and thereby destroy cancer cells throughout the body. When chemotherapy is placed directly into the spinal cord in an organ inside the abdomen, especially drugs act on cancer cells in those areas (regional chemotherapy). Mode of administration and type of chemotherapy used depends on the type and stage of tumor being treated.
Hormone therapy
Hormone therapy is a cancer treatment that removes hormones or blocks their action, thus stopping cancer cell growth. Hormones are substances produced by endocrine glands in the body and delivered directly into the bloodstream. The presence of growth hormones can cause certain types of tumors.
If investigations show the presence of cancerous cells in places where certain hormones attach to cells to produce the effect (the hormone receptor), drugs, surgery or radiotherapy are used to reduce the production of hormones or to block their local.
Hormone therapy with tamoxifen is often recommended for patients with early stage breast cancer and those with metastases (cancer that has spread to other parts of the body). Hormone therapy with tamoxifen or estrogen acts on all cells and can increase the risk of developing endometrial cancer. In patients receiving tamoxifen therapy is recommended annual pelvic examination to detect early signs of cancer. Any metrorrhagia (non-menstrual bleeding) should be disclosed to the treating physician as soon as possible.